Introduction of PIANO

PIANO is a web server dedicated for pseudouridine site (Ψ) identification and functional annotation, which was built upon a high-accuracy predictor that takes advantage of both conventional sequence features and 42 additional genomic features. When tested on six independent datasets generated from four independent Ψ profiling technologies (Ψ-seq, RBS-seq, Pseudo-seq and CeU-seq) as benchmarks, PIANO achieved an average AUC of 0.955 and 0.838 under the full transcript and mature mRNA models, respectively, marking a substantial improvement in accuracy compared with the existing in silico Ψ site prediction methods, i.e., PPUS (0.713 and 0.707), iRNA-PseU (0.713 and 0.712) and PseUI (0.634 and 0.652). Besides, PIANO web server systematically annotates the predicted Ψ sites with post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms (miRNA-targets, RBP-binding regions and splicing sites) in its prediction report to help the users explore potential machinery of Ψ. Moreover, a concise query interface was also built for 4303 known Ψ sites, which is currently the largest collection of experimentally validated human Ψ sites. The server is freely available at: http://180.208.58.19/Ψ-WHISTLE